Posted by Owen Jones
The problem with all-purpose insect repellent is that no one insect repellent will repel all insects. There are so many different type of insects that nothing will stop them all. Some insects in some areas for example have been particularly focused, like bed bugs in New York, and so they have developed a tolerance to repellents that does not exist elsewhere.
This is not such a problem if you know the area where you are staying, because you will know the most prevalent insect pests in your area, but what about if you go on holiday? You may take a box of your favourite mosquito ointment to Acapulco on your dream vacation only to find that there are no mosquitoes there but that the sand flies are murderous.
Mosquitoes are not really difficult in Scotland, but midges are in the summer and mosquito repellent does not have an effect on midges (or sand flies) even though they get up to the same sort of monkey business. The key is local information. Before you go anywhere attempt to do some research on local nuisance insects.
In fact, unless you know that your favourite mosquito repellent works where you are going, there is not a lot of point taking it with you, since the locals will already have the best repellents for their own specific local problem insects. The only potential exception is a balm with a high percentage of DEET.
It may be illegal where you are going to sell a cream containing more than 25% DEET, but you feel safer with 50%. I know that I would feel safer with 50% DEET, if I were going to Gambia, where the world's most deadly mosquitoes lives.
Another insecticide that kills pretty much all insects (except bed bugs) is permethrin, but you may not be able to get it where you are going. The difference between DEET and permethrin is that DEET deters mosquitoes by baffling their senses - basically, you slip under their RADAR - but permethrin kills insects.
This confusion works for plenty of insects that perceive their prey by carbon dioxide emissions like ticks and possibly bed bugs. Permethrin is not so effectual against bed bugs because they have a waxy coat which does not allow the chemical to actually reach their skin, where it would kill them.
This waxy coat can be removed, but you will not have time if on vacation to do it. The overall best answer to most, but not all insect pests is putting DEET at about 25-35% on your skin, which will give you five to eight hours protection and spaying permethrin on your clothes. Permethrin can last up to six months and can survive several washes.
If you are sitting outdoors it is a good tactic to hang up a bug zapper - the kind that has an ultraviolet lamp inside a highly charged electric grill. A handheld racquet style bug zapper is also good for clearing a tent or bedroom of a few mosquitoes or flies before retiring.
Owen Jones, the author of this piece writes on several topics, but is currently involved with finding a home remededy for mosquito bites. If you would like to know more, please go to our website at Getting Rid of Mosquito Bites.
Tags: animals, biology, diseases, environment, Gardening, health, insects, mosquitoes, other, Outdoors, recreation, science, travel, uncategorized
Posted by Owen Jones
We all get bitten by insects from time to time - we are simply too plentiful a source of food for insects to overlook. However, some individuals react quite badly to an insect bite, while others do not seem be all that much troubled by them. The most widespread insect bites are from mosquitoes, ants, fleas and gnats or midges and now bed bugs are coming back too..
If you are not overly allergic to these bites there is no need to do anything about the bite itself although you might want to eradicate an plague of ants, fleas and bed bugs. Mosquito and other insect bites normally produce an itchy, red swelling, which should go down within one to three days, although some individuals do have them for much longer.
We say that insects bite, but it is not always true. It is slapdash speech. Some insects bite (like ants), some insects sting (like wasps) and other insects suck blood (like mosquitoes, fleas and bed bugs). Most people are more likely to display a reaction to blood sucking although the stings are the most agonizing.
Blood-sucking insects squirt some spittle into you through a pore before sucking blood. This spittle contains an anticoagulant to make the blood flow more liberally and it might contain an antiseptic and an analgesic too to ease the pain of a possible infection or reaction to the bite. It is this saliva that causes the swelling and itching in most instances.
This is like an allergic reaction, but doctors do not consider it to be an allergy. Some individuals really are allergic to the bites of blood-sucking or stinging insects and they might need to be hospitalized. They suffer much more than an itchy swelling for a day or two. You will soon know if you are allergic. You may even pass out or go into a coma.
Anyway, the main concern for most of us after being 'bitten' is to alleviate the itching and reduce the swelling. It appears that some items work better on some individuals than on others, so it is a question of testing different things until you find one that suits you and the type of bite that is afflicting you.
Tiger Balm works on most insect bites for most people, but some individuals just have to rub a slice of lemon or an ice cube on the bite to make the bite more tolerable. If you are going to treat mosquito and other insect bites, you ought to do it as soon as you can after having been bitten. Strive to get that spittle out so that it does not have time to trigger your bodies natural defences.
Some lotions seem to neutralize the saliva whilst others seem to pucker the skin enough to squirt it back out. If the saliva is back outside it cannot induce an infection although most infections like this are the result of scratching with unclean finger nails
Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on several topics, but is currently involved with finding a home remededy for mosquito bites. If you would like to know more, please go to our website at Getting Rid of Mosquito Bites.
Tags: animals, biology, diseases, environment, Gardening, health, insects, mosquitoes, other, Outdoors, recreation, science, travel, uncategorized
Posted by Owen Jones
The majority of insects will defend themselves if they feel threatened. This is fairly amazing when you think about how small insects are compared with the mammalian interloper. Most insects will only atttack if you wander into their territory. There are also insects that have to drink blood and they actively seek their prey. This type includes insects such as mosquitoes and fleas.
Ants form the biggest section of biters. All ants will try to bite if they feel the need, but most black ants simply do not possess big enough mandibles (or jaws) to get a grasp. The big exception in all ant and ant-like species are the soldiers, which have colossal mandibles compared to the workers.
Red ants can bite with or without poison and some sting as well. Formic acid is their normal chemical weapon. Some ants inject it, which is what we feel if we are bitten by red ants, but other ants spray it into the eyes of its aggressors.
The most painful sting of any insect is delivered by the Bullet Ant of Central and South America. The Bullet Ant's sting has the top rating possible on the Schmidt Sting Pain Index. The scale goes from zero to four; zero being painless (to humans) through two for bees and wasps to four for excruciating pain.
The Fire Ant, which is famous for its painful bite ranks a 1.2 on this scale, but level 1.8 is likened to having a staple shot into your cheek. The European honey bee is on level two and the Red Harvester Ant is on level three.
Some bites and stings are not so high on the scale but can still be deadly. The Jack Jumper Ant is in this group and individuals, especially hypersensitives, have been known to die from Fire Ant stings, which inject piperidine alkaloids rather than formic acid.
The mandibles of the Trap Jaw Ant are the fastest closing jaws in the animal kingdom. They have been clocked at 230 KPH (143 MPH). Another curious ant defence is carried out by a Malaysian species: it ejects its stomach over its aggressor. The stomach acids contain acetophones which completely immobilize insects. Unfortunately, the soldier dies because its stomach has been torn out.
Bees, ants and wasps are all related in the order known as Hymenoptera. Bees and wasps just sting although some wasps do have large jaws as well. One definition of a wasp is 'any insect of the order Hymenoptera that is neither a bee nor an ant' (Wikipedia).
Not all wasps are black and yellow. There are not a lot of insects that do not have a sort of wasp preying on it, which makes them very important in the biocontrol of harmful insects. A lot of wasps do not sting their prey to kill it for food, they sting it to immobilize it.
When paralyzed, the wasp lays her eggs in the prey, which becomes fresh food for her young when they hatch out. This is usually the only time that a wasp eats meat in its whole life, because adult wasps eat nectar and honey like bees.
When a bee stings it releases pheromones which encourage other bees nearby to sting as well. The most aggressive stingers though are vespid wasps (common black and yellow wasps).
Fleas, ticks and bed bugs, unlike mosquitoes, really feed on blood, that is they use it for food, whereas the mosquito uses it as the 'white' of her eggs. There have been times in our history when losing a few drops of blood to a flea was not the worst thing about being bitten by them. They also carried the Plague, which wiped out a large percentage of the population of Europe a number of times.
Spiders and scorpions make up the causes of the majority of insect bites although they are comparatively rare.
Owen Jones, the author of this piece writes on a number of subjects, but is currently involved with finding a home remededy for mosquito bites. If you would like to know more, please go to our website at Getting Rid of Mosquito Bites.
Tags: animals, biology, diseases, environment, Gardening, health, insects, mosquitoes, other, Outdoors, recreation, science, travel, uncategorized
Posted by Owen Jones
Predicting the end of the world has almost certainly been going on since man began thinking, whenever that was. It is warned about in Revelations in the Bible, so that must be about 2,000 years ago.
However, it is the predictions of Nostradamus that are the most well-known and most copious. Some biographical accounts of Nostradamus' life assert that he was afraid of being victimized for heresy by the Inquisition, although neither prophecy nor astrology fell under their jurisdiction. He would have been in danger only if he had practiced magic to back up his predictions.
In fact, his contact with the Church as a prophet and a healer were always very good. His short imprisonment at Marignane in late 1561 came about purely because he had published his 1562 Almanac without the prior permission of a bishop, contravening a recent royal decree.
Here then are a few of the prophesies of the end of the world and the destruction of mankind.
December 21st, 22nd or 23rd 2012 are all possible dates for the ending of the world according to the ancient Mayan Calendar.
2012 has been determined by some to be the first potential date for the passing by of Planet X (Wormwood) and the demise of the world, as mentioned in Revelations, although this is fervently debated by Biblical experts and astronomers alike.
2012 is also the year given by Nostradamus as the possible demise. He gave three possible years for the apocalypse: 1994 and 1998 so this is his last opportunity to be correct.
2010 is the year so says the Hermetic Order of Golden Dawn.
In 1143 St Malachy prophesied that there would be only another 112 more Popes. The current Pope Benedict is the 111th. He further predicted that the final Pope would be known as Peter of Rome, so we will have to wait and see for this one.
2017 is the year specified to the Sword of God Brotherhood by the Angel Gabriel.
November 13th 2026 is the date according to a 1960 edition of 'Science' magazine. The author alleged that this would be the day that the planet's human population would 'reach infinity'.
2033 is held by many to be the 2000th anniversary of the crucifixion of Christ and a possible date for his return, which would signal the end of our Earthly period.
4,500,000,000 AD is the approximate date at which the Sun is due to explode and in so doing, destroy the inner solar system including our Planet. Nobody knows, but unless we destroy ourselves first, this latter date is probably the most accurate and scientific date for the destruction of the planet.
Owen Jones, the author of this article, writes on many subjects, but is currently involved with custom wall calendars If you have an interest in calendars, organizers or promotional calendars, please go over to our website now at Promotional Desk Calendars
Tags: astronomy, calendars, education, environmental, Gardening Articles, hobbies, organising, Outdoors, recreation, science, solar system, time, uncategorized
Posted by Owen Jones
In the West, we tend to think that there is only one calendar, but there are dozens of them around the world. And what is more, there were almost certainly hundreds of them previously. All defunct now either because ours is more accurate or because theirs did not fit in with our business way of life.
But that does not mean to say that people do not still use those old-fashioned, defunct calendars. Oh, no! Governments have given up their old, traditional national calendars, but in general, country folk still use to them, even if they can no longer obtain a printed version. I cannot go into all the calendars here, but I will mention five or six of them.
Lunar Calendar - There is some evidence that early man used marks on bone to record or indicate the movement of time 25,000 years ago, almost certainly measured by the Moon's phases. A calendar can be developed based on the lunar cycles; it creates a year of twelve months (the word 'month' is from the word 'moon'), but only 354 days, which is, eleven short of the time it takes the Earth to orbit around the Sun. The Chinese still use a version of the lunar calendar but they resolve this issue by adding extra moths every now and then to bring 'time' back into alignment with the Sun.
Solar Calendar - The ancient Egyptians were the first people to employ a Solar Calendar, although it could justifiably be called a stellar calendar. The new year began for them when Sirius, the Dog Star, the brightest star in the night sky, rose in the same place as the Sun. This more often than not coincided with the flooding of the Nile. This calendar was of 365 days; twelve months of thirty days and five holy days. Therefore, it was only one quarter of a day off the true year. However, this meant that slowly but surely, the new year did not concur with the flood. Scientists have worked out that this calendar was adopted in either 4241 BC or 2773 BC.
Julian Calendar - In 46 BC , Julius Caesar realized that various provinces of the empire were using different calendars, so he instructed the dating system to be unified. Sosigenes came up with a calendar of 365 days with an extra day every four years. Therefore, in 46 BC, the longest year on record, Caesar added days to the year to bring it back into alignment with the seasons. 46 BC was 445 days long! The vastness of the Roman Empire ensured that this calendar was the defacto calendar of the Western world.
Julian Day Count - In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII called into being a new calendar, but the year after that Joseph Justus Scaliger developed a system of counting days, not years. It starts with 1 on January 1st 4713 BC. On this date the Julian and the lunar calendars and the Roman tax dating system all coincided; something that will next occur in 3267. January 1st 2001 was Julian day 2,451,913
Gregorian Calendar - from at least 730 AD, it was spotted that the year from vernal equinox to vernal equinox was short of the 365.25 days in a year. This had the consequence that the date of Easter was moving back. So he dropped 10 days from 1582 by jumping from October 4th to October 15th and proclaiming that century years would only be leap years if they were divisible by 400. Consequently, 1900 was not a leap year, but 2000 was. This is the calendar we still use today.
Owen Jones, the writer of this article, writes on many subjects, but is currently involved with researching Franklin planner pages. If you have an interest in calendars, organizers or promotional calendars, please go over to our website now at Promotional Desk Calendars
Tags: astronomy, calendars, education, environmental, Gardening Articles, hobbies, organising, Outdoors, recreation, science, solar system, time, uncategorized
Posted by Owen Jones
Christmas - is the celebration of Jesus' birthday. Although the precise date of his birth is unknown, December 25th was probably selected because it coincided with a pagan mid-winter festival. The 'Twelve Days Of Christmas'' mark the days between Christmas and Epiphany (January 6th), which was the day of the wise men's visit.
Easter - is the most important day in the Christian calendar, because it celebrates Christ's Resurrection, which gave / gives Christians the hope of salvation and eternal life. Easter always falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon after the vernal (Spring) equinox, which is on 21st March.
Shrove Tuesday - (Mardi Gras or Fat Tuesday) was initially a day of penance, but is now marked by merrymaking. It is the day before the commencement of Lent.
Ash Wednesday - is derived from the marking of a cross on the forehead of believers with the ashes from the burnt palms used on Palm Sunday.
Lent - 40 days of atonement and fasting
Palm Sunday - the Sunday before Easter, celebrates the entrance of Jesus into Jerusalem, where palms were strewn on the road before him.
Maundy (Holy) Thursday - the day of the Last supper.
Good Friday - is the day of Christ's crucifixion.
Holy Saturday - is the day before the Resurrection.
The Annunciation - March 25th is celebrated by Catholics as the day that Archangel Gabriel told Mary about her imminent pregnancy.
Trinity Sunday - is celebrated by some denominations in honour of The Father, The Son and The Holy Spirit. It was declared part of the holy calendar in 1334 by Pope John XII.
Corpus Christi - Catholics remembers the presence of the body of Christ on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.
All Saints Day - this mainly Catholic remembrance is on November 1 and honours all Christian saints.
Advent - a religious season that starts on the Sunday nearest to November 30 and lasts until Christmas Day. It celebrates the birth of Jesus and anticipates his Second Coming. It was once a period of fasting, but now no longer.
Holy Days Of Obligation - are feast days in the Catholic calendar marked by attendance at mass and the avoidance of unnecessary work. There are six in the USA: Solemnity of Mary - January 1: Christ's circumcision, ie his first shedding of blood Ascension - 40 days after Easter Assumption - August 15: Mary is accepted into Heaven All Saints' Day - November 1 Mary's Immaculate Conception - December 8 Christmas Day - December 25.
Owen Jones, the writer of this article, writes on many subjects, but is currently involved with Franklin Covey planner refillss If you have an interest in calendars, organizers or promotional calendars, please go over to our website now at Promotional Desk Calendars
Tags: astronomy, calendars, education, environmental, Gardening Articles, hobbies, organising, Outdoors, recreation, science, solar system, time, uncategorized
Posted by Owen Jones
It is a worldwide custom to give gifts for such occasions as birthdays and wedding days, but after that is where the regions start to differ. Britons and people tracing their roots back there give gifts on Christmas Day as well.
However, many other Europeans give presents at Christmas on Saint Nicholas' Day or December 6th. Non-Christian countries usually give presents at New Year.
Whatever you do in your country, giving a gift requires thought. The shops are frequently full of junk at these gift-giving times of the year, but there is also a lot of excellent stuff about, at a price. The alternatives are twofold on the whole.
You can either make something which will be unique, I suppose that this includes personalizing a shop-bought gift or you can think outside of the box, which many people find quite hard. Personally, I find it hard, but it does get easier the more often you try it and the better you know the person you are going to give the gift to.
Here then are a few ideas which you may decide to take on board 'as is', or they may motivate you on to better ideas. As I write, Christmas is coming up and then it is Saint Valentine's day before you know it. We certainly get plenty of opportunity to practice buying gifts in the West!
A Plot Of Your Own: I come from Wales in the UK (is there any other?) and up the way from me a local plot of green-belt land was in trouble. Experts said that it should be planted with trees, but the authorities did not have the funds, so they advertised six feet square plots of land for sale with a sapling of your preference on it.
You also got a title deed, directions and a photo. Furthermore, the tree would be taken care of for five years until it was established. I know that this is not the only place that did this and it was probably not the first either, but it makes a good gift for a teenager who is thinking about what he or she can do to help the environment.
The Key To Success: some children and their parents will be grateful for this one. Scour the second-hand shops for an older or even an bizarre money box. Fill the money box up to a certain level with various coins that bring that level up to the value that you want to give, but leave plenty of space for the child to put money in too. Who do you give the key to? That depends on how well you know the child.
Starting A Collection: this is a brave, but good one. If you know the child well or are prepared to take on a commitment (such as a godparent should), you could select a set of collectables, like plates, glasses or coins and buy two or three pieces to start the collection off. You can add to it every year. Others will be thankful to you too because they will jump on the band wagon.
In The Bag: if your friend is an invalid or just is temporarily in hospital, it is beneficial to give a wicker basket or a nice bag full of handy items. Choose the items to suit your friend, but everyone might like a writing pad, a pen, a comb or brush, wet wipes or tissues, a small book of verse, a miniature radio with ear plugs, a mirror, straws, a bottle opener, only you know, but you get the idea, I'm sure.
Stamp It: you can buy a large packet of literally thousands of foreign stamps for very little. Buy a stamp album and hinges and you could start a lasting obsession. It also gives you gift ideas for years to come too.
Owen Jones, the author of this article, writes on many subjects, but is currently involved with researching Fanklin planner pages. If you have an interest in calendars, organizers or promotional calendars, please go over to our website now at Promotional Desk Calendars
Tags: astronomy, calendars, education, environmental, Gardening Articles, hobbies, organising, Outdoors, recreation, science, solar system, time, uncategorized
Posted by Joseph Stowell
In case you're looking to get a green job in Wyoming then you're going to need a little bit of help getting pointed to the right direction. There are a lot to know about getting the perfect green jobs in Wyoming so continue reading to get more information right now.
With regards to finding any job it's difficult to find the best fit. When you're out to get green jobs in Wyoming it could be even harder to find something that's ideal for you and will pay enough to sustain your way of life. The best way to get a green job is always to deal with it like any other kind of work, at least to begin with. To understand more about finding the perfect job read on right now.
First of all, where do you go to find the best green jobs in Wyoming? Using the Internet is definitely among the best ways to see available local work opportunities but do not forget to check in the newspaper as well. Surprisingly job listings inside the local paper are still a terrific way to see who is hiring in the region and if you're interested in a green job there's a good chance it's a start up trying to save money by simply posting in the paper's classifieds. Make sure you read the available local print classified listings as well as online sources such as Monster.com, Craig's List or GreenBiz.com
Since many new eco-friendly firms and businesses are in fact just greener variations of already established business models, such as electricity or energy industry connected jobs for instance, there's a lot of room for those who have experience within these areas. If you worked in the past in a water power plant you're obviously quite qualified for a job in a company that's dedicated to green energy. The bottom line is the more experience you've got related to the particular job you're after the better you will fare when push comes to shove.
If you do not feel you're particularly qualified in a particular area or another go ahead and get some good training to beef up your resume and better your chances of getting hired. If you cannot prove to a start-up or more developed company that you're worth it and are qualified there is virtually no chance that they will hire you. Making certain you have got the background and experience will increase your possibilities. Taking classes at neighborhood colleges in Wyoming is a great way to get updated or refreshed in material associated with your ideal job.
An important factor to keep in mind is that networking could make or break your chances of acquiring a good job. Networking at job fairs or other opportunities to talk to folks who know about up and coming companies needing employees is a fantastic way to expedite your job hunt. Often times these are excellent social events which no general job listings board can compete with, so don't be shy and take your shot at a few.
Furthermore watching your local newspaper for news regarding start-ups or fresh companies moving into Wyoming that'll be hiring is yet another important thing to consider to check and keep track of. With a bit of diligence and networking you can find outstanding green jobs in Wyoming.
Are you ready to find the very best job opportunities in Wyoming for green workers? Visit green jobs wyoming right now and find what's available. There isn't any shortage of fantastic jobs, visit wyoming green jobs right now to find out what's available for you and your skills.
Tags: business, Careers, employment, entry level, environment, Gardening Articles, internships, job search, kids, marketing, people, science, society, teens, vocations
Posted by Joseph Stowell
Green jobs are hot today and if you reside in Wyoming you might be interested in cashing in on the brand new popularity of eco-friendly occupations. The good news is that you can take full advantage of the expanding green job opportunity right in Wyoming.
If you're looking for a green job in Wyoming then you might not have to search too far. There are plenty of options out there and if you do a bit of research by yourself and follow the below suggestions you could be quite successful in getting a quality job which will settle the bills and help the ecosystem. Every single day you will find new green companies appearing that are looking for bright, skilled and forward-thinking people to help run them. If you want to know the top tips for getting a green job in Wyoming read on right now.
Tip #1 - Start networking as quickly as possible. If your former job was in a fairly connected industry to green jobs (i.e. electricity, energy, and so on.) then you may already have a good idea of some contacts you can make use of to find leads for green connected employment. Whether or not you've got a jump off point doesn't matter-networking is important for getting jobs inside Wyoming, particularly in the earth-friendly sectors. Think about checking out job fairs or calling up old contacts to find out if they are aware of anything available.
Tip #2 - Volunteer wherever feasible for free, fast and enjoyable experience. If there are local opportunities in Wyoming to assist a green movement and offer your assistance to organizations in need this could be a fantastic way to get more experience and pump up your resume. This doesn't just look great in your resume but help out the local community and a green related organization. This is an excellent chance to network with same-minded people who might have ties to green related companies.
Tip #3 - Search around online and in local classified ads. Getting green jobs in Wyoming does not restrict you to networking with people around the state. Check out available local classified job listings and go online to general job listing boards such as Monster.com or perhaps Craig's List. There are also specialized eco-friendly job related forums and job listings boards online that will give you a good idea of what's available although there won't necessarily be something within Wyoming. In any event there could be work at home opportunities where you could telecommute.
Tip #4 - The green job market is expanding rapidly so try going in Wyoming where the most opportunity is. This might be where a new start-up is establishing shop or where the need for green energy is more than in your existing area. Going where there is more opportunity is a terrific way to have green jobs in Wyoming but only change locations if you could certainly secure the job.
Getting a greener job doesn't have to be difficult and if you practice efficient and assertive job searching you could find great jobs that will pay well and help the environment while supplying a good service or product to the consuming public. The green industry is a rapidly growing market and if you want to get your foot in the door making certain you correctly network and make use of every obtainable opportunity is the best way to secure your future with a green job in Wyoming.
Isn't it time to search for the very best work opportunities in Wyoming for green workers? Visit green jobs wyoming right now and find out what's offered. There is no shortage of wonderful jobs, check out wyoming green jobs right now to find out what's designed for you and your skills.
Tags: business, Careers, employment, entry level, environment, Gardening Articles, internships, job search, kids, marketing, people, science, society, teens, vocations
Posted by Owen Jones
If you were to invent a self-cleaning fabric, the world may want to beat a path to your door to buy some from you, but first of all they will have to know that the fabric exists, that it is available for purchase, and they have to be aware of where your door is. This means advertising.
There are two classifications of advertising: institutional and product. Institutional advertising markets the name of your business in general and product advertising markets a product or range of products or services. The sort of publicity that a company needs, depends on the products or services that it provides.
Moreover, some kinds of advertising lend themselves better to institutional advertising more readily than product advertising. For instance, a shop sign, a sign-written van or a promotional calendar are better cut out for institutional advertising, while a newspaper or magazine advert would be better for advertising the latest special offer.
There are few facts and figures available that bring to light the extraordinary growth of the mass consumption society as well as those dealing with the expansion of the advertising industry. For instance, before the Second World War, US average annual expenditure on advertising per year had been about $2 billion for decades.
In 1950, as the post-war economy began to pick up , American businesses spent $5.7 billion to advertise its goods and services. By 1960, that figure had doubled to $12 billion. By 1970, American business was spending $20.
Between 1970 and 1990, as the children Baby Boomers became adults and began earning and spending, advertising expenditure went through the roof, so that by 1986, it had reached $100 billion.
That extraordinary rate of growth could not be maintained, but by 1999, total expenditure on all forms of advertising exceeded $215 billion . The last available figures are for 2007 and they stand at $280 billion.
In 1999, nearly 60% of all advertising dollars were spent on adverts in newspapers, magazines, on the radio and on TV. By 2007, that figure had fallen to about 54% as the Internet started to have an effect on advertising trends. These trends are expected to continue as every firm is expected to have its own website these days.
The nation's largest advertisers are the manufacturers of cars, food, soft drinks, tobacco and beer and they filter most of their expenditure through about 13,000 advertising agencies., who normally make the ads and buy the space or air time from the media too.
These agencies have been transformed over the last decade by mergers. The most lucrative advertising agencies these days are huge international concerns. WPP, the largest advertising agency in the world, billed $37 billion in 2008 and had this to say about itself:
"Our total revenue in 2008 surpassed that of all our competitors, regaining the No.1 worldwide position for the third time".
Owen Jones, the author of this piece, writes on many subjects, but is currently involved with promotional wall calendars. If you have an interest in calendars, organizers or promotional calendars, please go over to our website now at Promotional Desk Calendars
categories: calendars,time,astronomy,science,education,organising,environmental,recreation,hobbies,time,solar system,outdoors,other,uncategorized
Tags: astronomy, calendars, education, environmental, Gardening Articles, hobbies, organising, Outdoors, recreation, science, solar system, time, uncategorized
